--- description: UnionPay is a major card payment network. Compare acceptance options, authorization behavior, disputes, and what to check for declines. title: UnionPay Acceptance for Merchants | Coverage & Declines image: https://cdn.smartretry.com/_next/static/media/og-image.0z0q4_5kazzzo.jpeg --- [Skip to main content](#main-content) # UnionPay ## Methods * Cards UnionPay is a global card payment network used by issuers, acquirers, and merchants to accept UnionPay-branded card payments. Struggling with your approval ratio for this payment provider? [contact SmartRetry team →](/contact) Published January 21, 2026 Last updated June 18, 2026 ![Reading time](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=3840&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fclock.337f-cmnyb532.svg)2 min ![UnionPay](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=640&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2Fpayment-providers%2Flogos%2Funionpay.svg) ![UnionPay payment phone](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=750&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fphone.3jczmn1xd9-9j.webp) Proceed payment with ![UnionPay](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=48&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2Fpayment-providers%2Flogos%2Funionpay.svg)UnionPay ## Still letting failed transactions slip through? SmartRetry turns declines into approvals - automatically, intelligently, and without changing your payment provider. Email address Let’s talk Table of Contents ## About UnionPay [![Official Website](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=3840&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fglobe-website.1l5fn-a17cqln.svg)](https://www.unionpayintl.com/en/ "Official Website") Product Type Payment Method Foundation 2002 Company Type network Employees 600 Location ![CHN](https://flagcdn.com/w20/cn.webp)CHN Channel OnlineIn person For developers [Status page](https://downdetector.com/status/unionpay/)[Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/unionpay) ## Features ### Global network acceptance Supports card payments across domestic and cross-border markets. Availability for your business depends on your PSP/acquirer and merchant category. ### Ecommerce and in-person enablement Can be enabled for online card-not-present and card-present transactions. Check whether your integration supports required fields and local processing routes. ### Authorization and routing options Authorizations may be routed via your acquirer’s UnionPay connectivity or regional partners. Routing and currency choices can affect customer experience and reporting. ### Approval rates and decline visibility Track authorization success and decline reasons by BIN/issuer region and currency. Ensure your PSP provides scheme/issuer response codes for troubleshooting. ### Security and data handling Operates within standard card-network security expectations alongside your PSP/acquirer controls. Use tokenization and PCI-aligned handling for stored credentials. ### Authentication support For ecommerce, confirm support for cardholder authentication flows used on UnionPay cards where applicable. Align authentication settings with your risk and conversion targets. ### Disputes and chargebacks Dispute processes follow card-network rules and your acquirer’s workflow. Capture strong order, delivery, and customer communication evidence to respond on time. ### Reliability and operational monitoring Monitor authorization latency, timeouts, and soft declines by region and issuer. Set alerts for spikes during peak traffic and cross-border campaigns. 💡Tip from SmartRetry If UnionPay declines are elevated, segment by issuer country/BIN and currency, then validate your acquirer routing and required transaction fields with your PSP. ## Currencies Processing currenciesCNY, USD, EUR, GBP, AUD, CAD, CHF, JPY, PLN, SEK, RUB, BRL, ZAR ## Available in Available countries * 🌍Global ### FAQ Is UnionPay a PSP or an acquirer? UnionPay is a card payment network (scheme). You typically access it through a PSP and/or an acquiring bank that supports UnionPay acceptance. How can my business accept UnionPay? Ask your PSP or acquirer to enable UnionPay as a card brand for your merchant account and confirm coverage for your selling countries, currencies, and channels (online/in-store). Why are UnionPay transactions being declined? Common causes include issuer authorization declines, unsupported routing, currency or cross-border restrictions, missing/invalid transaction data, and risk controls from the issuer or acquirer. Review response codes and test by BIN range. How do I improve UnionPay approval rates without increasing fraud risk? Start by analyzing declines by issuer region and transaction type, confirm correct capture of required fields, and align authentication and risk rules for higher-risk segments rather than applying broad blocks. Is UnionPay availability global for merchants? The network is global, but merchant acceptance depends on whether your PSP/acquirer has UnionPay connectivity in your target markets and whether your MCC and business model are supported. ## Statuses * All * Response Code * ECI Codes __Statuses \- All__ | Code | Description | Level | Frequency | Resolution | | ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------- | ---------- | ---------- | | Response Code | | | | | | 00 | Transaction Approved / Acknowledged When a processing result response: transaction approved. When an acknowledgement response: the request message has been well-received and the processing result will be sent separately (e.g., in ADDITIONAL\_PROCESSING\_RESULT message). | Approved | Common | T0 | | 01 | Refer to Card Issuer Transaction rejected by the issuer. The exact reason is held by the card issuer. The customer must contact their card-issuing bank for the specific reason. Do not retry without cardholder action. | Declined | Common | T2 | | 03 | Invalid Merchant The merchant is invalid for this transaction. Causes: exceptional or unsupported MCC for this card type, merchant is on a blacklist. Contact UnionPay acquirer to verify merchant configuration. | Error, Declined | Occasional | T1 | | 04 | Card Should Be Captured The issuing bank requests that the card be captured/retained (e.g., reported as lost or counterfeit). Do not retry. Advise the cardholder to contact their bank. | Declined, Error | Rare | T3 | | 05 | Cardholder Verification Failure Cardholder identity verification failed. Causes include: expired e-commerce transaction window, CVN2 failure, invalid certificate information, mismatched birth date, or cardholder authentication mismatch. For cross-border remittance: receiver information does not match bank records. | Declined | Common | T0 | | 10 | Partial Amount Approved The transaction was approved for a partial amount only (less than the requested amount). Applicable for partial authorization scenarios. | Approved, Info | Occasional | T0 | | 12 | Invalid Related Transaction A related transaction (reversal, cancellation, pre-authorization completion) references an original transaction that was not accepted, does not exist, or was already cancelled/reversed. Verify the original transaction state before initiating related operations. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | 13 | Invalid Transaction Amount The transaction amount is invalid. Causes: non-numeric or unallowable values, exceeded transfer or cash payment limit, tip amount beyond limit, unsupported currency, or cross-border remittance yearly foreign exchange quota exceeded. | Error, Declined | Occasional | T0 | | 14 | Invalid Card Number The card number (PAN) is invalid. Causes: no such PAN at issuer, check digit error, closed or invalid account, or PAN mismatch between related and original transactions. | Declined, Error | Common | T0 | | 15 | No Such Issuer There is no issuer matching the primary account number in the transaction. The card BIN is unrecognized or not registered with UnionPay routing. | Declined, Error | Occasional | T0 | | 21 | Card Not Initialized The card has not been activated or opened, the initial PIN has not been changed, transactions with initial PIN are restricted, or the card is frozen due to prolonged inactivity (dormant status). | Declined | Occasional | T2 | | 22 | Transaction Procedure Error A procedural/sequence error occurred. Examples: cancellation after completed reversal, related transaction after cancelled transaction, repeated pre-authorization completion, or pre-authorization initiated after its allowed period expired. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | 25 | Unable to Match Original Transaction The original transaction cannot be located for the related transaction (reversal, refund, or cancellation). Verify the original transaction reference and retry. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | 30 | Format Error The request message is malformed. Causes: missing required fields, invalid transaction channel, bitmap format error, magnetic track data error, invalid characters, or missing transaction amount. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | 34 | Suspected Fraud (ARQC / CVN) The transaction is suspected to be fraudulent. Causes: ARQC (chip authentication) error, CVN attempts exceeded limit, or counterfeit card detected. Do not retry. | Declined, Error | Occasional | T2 | | 40 | Transaction Not Supported The issuer or receiving member has not enabled this transaction type. May also indicate that the message version or authority list of the receiver does not support the transaction type. | Declined, Error | Occasional | T3 | | 41 | Lost Card The card has been reported lost. The issuer requests card capture. Do not retry. Advise the cardholder to contact their bank. | Declined, Error | Rare | T3 | | 43 | Stolen Card The issuer confirms the card is stolen and requests card capture. Do not retry. Advise the cardholder to contact their bank immediately. | Declined, Error | Rare | T3 | | 45 | Fallback Transaction Not Supported The issuer does not support fallback transactions (magnetic stripe fallback from chip card) for hybrid cards, or does not support fallback transactions in this region. | Declined | Rare | T3 | | 51 | Insufficient Balance The card account or credit limit has insufficient funds to cover the transaction amount, or the amount exceeds the cash withdrawal limit. | Declined | Common | T3 | | 54 | Expired Card The card has passed its expiration date, the expiry date is incorrect, or the expiry date is missing from the transaction message where it is required. | Declined | Common | T3 | | 57 | Restricted Card The card type cannot be used for this transaction. Causes: out of service scope, card type not accepted, corporate card restriction, account currency mismatch, suspected illegal cash withdrawal, or card/certificate number on blacklist. | Declined | Occasional | T2 | | 58 | Restricted Terminal The issuer prohibits this transaction type at this terminal type (specific to certain card BINs), or the terminal number in the related transaction does not match the original. | Declined, Error | Occasional | T1 | | 59 | Suspected Fraud (CVN Failure) CVN (Card Verification Number) authentication failed. Do not retry without corrected card details. | Declined, Error | Occasional | T0 | | 61 | Transaction Amount Limit Exceeded The transaction amount exceeds the limit. Causes: single transaction limit, daily cumulative limit, or cardholder-defined spending limit exceeded. | Declined | Occasional | T2 | | 62 | Restricted Card Acceptance The card cannot be accepted in this geographic area or region. The issuer has restricted usage of this card to specific countries or regions. | Declined | Occasional | T3 | | 64 | Amount Mismatch with Original Transaction The transaction amount in the request does not match the response, or the related transaction amount does not match the original transaction amount. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | 65 | Transaction Velocity Limit Exceeded The maximum number of transactions within the allowed period has been exceeded. The cardholder should contact their issuing bank to adjust transaction frequency limits. | Declined | Occasional | T2 | | 68 | Response Timeout The issuer could not return a response within the required time limit. Retry after a brief delay. If the problem persists, contact the acquirer. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | 90 | Cutoff in Progress The daily batch cutover/settlement switch is currently being processed. Retry the transaction after the cutoff process is complete (usually a few minutes). | Processing, Error | Rare | T0 | | 91 | Issuer System Malfunction The issuing bank's system is abnormal or unavailable, the issuer has signed out without signing in, or the issuer has been closed by UnionPay. No stand-in authorization agreement exists. Retry later. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | 92 | Routing Failure Transaction routing failed. Causes: no available connectivity line, invalid IP address or port, or the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) system is closed or unreachable for cross-border transactions. | Error | Occasional | T1 | | 94 | Duplicate Transaction A transaction with the same transaction identifier has already been processed. Ensure transaction IDs are unique per transaction attempt. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | 96 | UnionPay System Malfunction The transaction was rejected due to a UnionPay internal system malfunction, processing failure, or system maintenance. Retry after a delay or contact UnionPay support. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | 97 | Terminal Not Found The ATM/POS terminal number has not been registered with UnionPay. Verify and register the terminal before processing transactions. | Error | Rare | T1 | | 98 | Issuer Response Timeout The issuer's response has timed out. Retry the transaction after a brief delay. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | A2 | Successful with Defect (No Issuer Response) UnionPay forwarded the original request but did not receive a response from the issuer. The transaction outcome is uncertain. Query the transaction status before retrying. | Processing, Error | Rare | T1 | | A3 | Transfer-In Account Not Found The destination bankcard account was not found at the fund transfer-in bank. Verify the destination account details before retrying. | Error, Declined | Rare | T0 | | A4 | Successful with Defect (Request Not Received) The requests were not received; however, the acceptance of the confirmed related transaction is treated as a successful transaction with defect. Verify transaction state before taking action. | Processing, Error | Rare | T1 | | A5 | Successful with Defect (Original Rejected) The original transactions were rejected; however, acceptance of the confirmed related transaction is treated as a successful transaction with defect. Investigate before fulfilling orders. | Processing, Error | Rare | T1 | | A6 | Successful with Defect (Response Not Received) UnionPay forwarded the original request but the issuer response was not received. The transaction has a defect. Query status before retrying or fulfilling. | Processing, Error | Rare | T1 | | A7 | Security Processing Failure Cryptographic security processing failed. Causes: key generation failure, key activation failure, key reset failure, or ARPC (Authorization Response Cryptogram) generation failure. | Error | Rare | T1 | | E0 | Unauthorized Access The API caller is not authorized to access this resource or perform this operation. Verify API credentials and permissions. | Error | Occasional | T1 | | E1 | Invalid Message The message is invalid. Causes: missing UPI-JWS signature, invalid UPI-REQPATH, missing required JWS header elements, invalid or expired UPI-TIMESTAMP, or duplicate message detected. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | E2 | Signature Verification Failure The digital signature verification of the API request failed. Verify the signing key, algorithm, and signature construction method. | Error | Occasional | T1 | | E3 | System Busy – Retry Later The UnionPay system is currently busy and cannot process the request. Implement exponential back-off and retry after a short delay. | Error | Occasional | T0 | | ECI Codes | | | | | | 05 | Cardholder authentication is successful (step-up or frictionless) | \- | \- | \- | | 06 | Authentication was attempted but not completed (e.g. frictionless or passive) | \- | \- | \- | | 07 | Non-authenticated e-commerce transaction | \- | \- | \- | ## Payment providers you might find interesting: [View all](/payment-providers) [![Authorize.Net](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=3840&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2Fpayment-providers%2Flogos%2Fauthorize-net.svg) Authorize.Net Authorize.Net is a payment gateway that helps merchants accept card and bank-account payments through supported merchant accounts and e‑/m‑/](/payment-providers/authorize-net)[![Klarna](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=3840&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2Fpayment-providers%2Flogos%2Fklarna.svg) Klarna Klarna is a payment provider that lets merchants offer buy now, pay later and flexible payment options at checkout.](/payment-providers/klarna)[![Paysafe Group](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=3840&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2Fpayment-providers%2Flogos%2Fpaysafe.svg) Paysafe Group Paysafe Group is a payments provider supporting merchants with payment processing and related tools for accepting and managing transactions.](/payment-providers/paysafe-group)[![Square](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=3840&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2Fpayment-providers%2Flogos%2Fsquare.svg) Square Square is a payment provider that helps merchants accept card and digital wallet payments in-store and online with built-in business tools.](/payment-providers/square) ## Articles you may find interesting: [View all](/blog) [![Solving CVV Mismatch Declines: Root Causes and Practical Remediation for Merchants](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=3840&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2Fuploads%2F2026%2F09%2Fresolving-cvv-mismatch-payment-declines.jpg) September 15, 2026 Solving CVV Mismatch Declines: Root Causes and Practical Remediation for Merchants Discover why CVV mismatch errors trigger costly false declines across gateways. 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Discover how dynamic routing, network tokens, and smart decline recovery protect revenue and reduce involuntary customer churn across enterprise payment stacks.](/blog/payment-optimization)[![Payment Dispute Resolution and Revenue Recovery Strategies for 2026](https://cdn.smartretry.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=3840&quality=75&format=auto&fit=cover/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.smartretry.com%2Fuploads%2F2026%2F09%2Fpayment-dispute-resolution-revenue-recovery-strategy.jpg) September 7, 2026 Payment Dispute Resolution and Revenue Recovery Strategies for 2026 Discover how modern payment teams balance fraud prevention with user experience, using network interception tools and intelligent recovery logic to protect baseline revenue and cut false declines.](/blog/payment-dispute-resolution-revenue-recovery) --- ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.smartretry.com/payment-providers/unionpay","name":"UnionPay","url":"https://www.smartretry.com/payment-providers/unionpay","inLanguage":"en","isPartOf":{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.smartretry.com/#website","name":"SmartRetry","url":"https://www.smartretry.com","description":"Payment recovery guides, tools and reference data from SmartRetry - 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